Caliphate, Wilāya, and the Moroccan Exception: How Saints Sustained Islam Beyond Political Power
How Morocco sustained Islam after the decline of the caliphate through wilāya, sharifian authority, and the Makhzan—forming a durable post-imperial Islamic model.
What Lies at the Heart of Sufism
This article explores Sufism as Islam’s inner path, tracing its hidden dialogue with Sunni and Shīʿī thought, its metaphysics of inheritance, and Morocco’s unique transformation of sanctity into political theology.